UConn Pharmacy Research on Kratom and Substances of Abuse

Kratom, 7-OH, and Mitragynine Pseudoindoxyl

  • White, CM. Pharmacologic and Clinical Assessment of Kratom. (Review) American Journal of Health-System Pharmacy Volume 75, Issue 5, 1 March 2018, Pages 261-267. DOI: 10.2146/ajhp161035

  • White, CM. Pharmacologic and Clinical Assessment of Kratom, an Update. AJHP 2019;76:1915–192. https://doi.org/10.1093/ajhp/zxz221.

  • McCurdy CR, Sharma A, Smith KE, Veltri CA, Weiss ST, White CM, Grundmann O. An update on the clinical pharmacology of kratom: uses, abuse potential, and future considerations. Expert Rev Clin Pharmacol. 2024 Jan-Jun;17(2):131-142. doi: 10.1080/17512433.2024.2305798.

  • Caroti KS, Joseph A, Sapowadia A, White CM.* Elemental Impurities (heavy metals) in Commercial Kratom Products: An Assessment of Published Individual Product Analyses. Clinical Toxicology 2024; doi: 10.1080/15563650.2024.2395552

  • White CM. Kratom’s Use and Impact on Pediatric Populations. J Ped Pharmacol Ther 2025;30:289-93. doi: 10.5863/1551-6776-30.2.289

  • Data P, Waters K, White CM. Standard Instructions and Counseling for Naloxone Insufficient in the Era of Xylazine and Medetomidine Adulteration of Illicit Opioids. J Pharm Technol 2025; https://doi.org/10.1177/87551225251326811

  • White, C. M., Belcourt, J., & Sedensky, A. A Descriptive Assessment of Products Containing the Opioid Receptor Stimulator Mitragynine Pseudoindoxyl. Substance Use & Misuse 2025;1–5. https://doi.org/10.1080/10826084.2025.2522162.

  • White CM, Atallah M, El Khoury D. Identification and Characterization of Mitragynine or 7-Hydroxymitraynine Oral Dosage Form Products That Appeal to Children. J Pediatric Pharmacol Ther, In Press.

  • Nieto A, Wick JY, White CM. Kratom and Knock Offs: Should You Leaf Them Alone. UConn Pharmacy Continuing Education. https://pharmacy.uconn.edu/course/kratom/

Substances of Abuse

  • White CM. A review of potential cardiovascular uses of intravenous glucagon administration. J Clin Pharmacol. 1999 May;39(5):442-7. Review. PMID: 10234590

  • White CM. How MDMA's Pharmacology and Pharmacokinetics Drive Desired Effects and Harms. J Clin Pharmacol 2014;54:245-52. DOI: 10.1002/jcph.266

  • White CM. 3,4-Methylenedioxymethamphetamine's (MDMA's) Impact on Posttraumatic Stress Disorder. Ann Pharmacother. 2014 Apr 16;48(7):908-915. PMID: 24740469

  • White CM. Mephedrone and 3,4-Methylenedioxypyrovalerone (MDPV): Synthetic Cathinones With Serious Health Implications. J Clin Pharmacol. 2016;56:1319-1325. doi: 10.1002/jcph.742. [Epub ahead of print] Review. PMID: 27029951

  • White CM. The Pharmacologic and Clinical Effects of Illicit Synthetic Cannabinoids 2017; Journal of Clinical Pharmacology; Volume 57, Issue 3, 2017, Pages 297-304. DOI: 10.1002/jcph.827

  • White CM. Pharmacologic, Pharmacokinetic, and Clinical Assessment of Illicitly Used γ-Hydroxybutyrate. J Clin Pharmacol. 2017 Jan;57(1):33-39. doi: 10.1002/jcph.767. Epub 2016 Jun 28. Review. PMID: 27198055

  • White, CM. The Pharmacology, Pharmacokinetics, Efficacy, and Adverse Events Associated with Kava. Journal of Clinical Pharmacology 2018; DOI: 10.1002/jcph.1263.

  • White CM. The Pharmacokinetics and Clinical Utility of Cannabadiol (CBD). J Clin Pharmacol 2019; https://doi.org/10.1002/jcph.1387.

  • White CM. Loperamide: a Readily Available but Dangerous Opioid. J Clin Pharmacol 2019; https://doi.org/10.1002/jcph.1449.

  • White CM. Cannabadiol: A Tale of Two Drugs. UConn Continuing Education. 2019. Available at: https://ce.pharmacy.uconn.edu/wp-content/uploads/sites/2102/2019/05/CBD-MAY2019-FINAL.pdf.

  • Nafziger A, White CM. Introduction to Special Supplement. J Clin Pharmacol 2021:61:s6-s9. https://doi.org/10.1002/jcph.1921

  • White CM, Browne T, Nafziger A. Inherent Dangers When Ingesting Substances of Abuse. J Clin Pharmacol, 2021;61: S129-S141. https://doi.org/10.1002/jcph.1860.

  • Doyno C, White CM. Sedative-Hypnotic Agents that Impact Gamma-Aminobutyric Acid Receptors: Focus on Flunitrazepam, GHB, Phenibut, and Selank. J Clin Pharmacol 2021;61:s114-s128 https://doi.org/10.1002/jcph.1922

  • Smith K, Sicigano D, Hernandez A, White CM.* The Impact of MDMA-Assisted Pharmacotherapy on the Treatment of PTSD: a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. J Clin Pharmacol 2022;62:463-71. http://doi.org/10.1002/jcph.1995

  • White CM. Cannabadiol, When is Similar Different? You Asked for It CE. July 15, 2022. https://pharmacy.uconn.edu/course/cannabdiolwhenissimilardifferent/

  • White CM, Dalo J, Weisman N. A Review of Psilocybin on Anxiety and Depression Associated with Life Threatening Cancer. Ann Pharmacother 2023; https://doi.org/10.1177/10600280221144055

  • Sicignano D, Snow-Caroti K, Hernandez AV, White CM.* Impact of Psilocybin on Anxiety and Depression Associated with Life threatening Cancer: A Systematic Review with Meta-Analysis. Am J Clin Oncol 2023; DOI: 10.1097/COC.0000000000000998. 

  • Sicignano DJ, Kurschner R, Weisman N, Sedensky A, Hernandez AV, White CM.* The Impact of Ketamine for Treatment of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder: A Systematic Review with Meta-Analyses. Annals of Pharmacotherapy. 2023;0(0). doi:10.1177/10600280231199666

  • Sicignano D, Hernandez AV, Schiff B, Elmahy N, White CM.* The Impact of Psychedelics on Patients with Alcohol Use Disorder or Non-Alcoholic Substance Use Disorder. Clinical Research and Medical Opinion 2023; https://doi.org/10.1080/03007995.2023.2296968

  • Sicignano D, Kantesaria R, Mastropietro M, Sedensky A, Kohlbrecher R, Hernandez AV, White CM.* The Impact of Ketamine-Based Versus Non-Ketamine-Based ECT Anesthesia Regimens on the Severity of Patients’ Depression and Occurrence of Adverse Events: A Systematic Review with Meta-Analysis. Annals of Pharmacotherapy. 2024;0(0). doi:10.1177/10600280241260754.